Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
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چکیده
Cicadas use acoustic signals to find mates and therefore offer a phylogenetically independent opportunity to test the generality of ideas about acoustic communication that were developed from studies of other animals. Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is a forest-dwelling platypleurine cicada that uses its calling song to form choruses and attract mates. Additionally, P. semiclara produces an encounter call that is involved in courtship and also in spacing males within choruses. Males generally call from exposed trunks and branches within the understory but clear of the undergrowth and fight with other males that call within about 50 cm of them. Choruses sing sporadically throughout the day but focus most of their calling activity into half-hour bouts at dawn and dusk. Body size and ambient temperature had no significant effect on spectral or temporal characteristics of the calling song. Body temperature measurements indicate that P. semiclara thermoregulates endothermically, with a body temperature of more than 22 °C above ambient temperature being measured during calling activity at dusk. Such endothermy provides an advantage to the cicadas by allowing them to call during crepuscular hours when atmospheric conditions are most optimal for acoustic communication and predation risks are minimal. Coincidentally, endogenously regulating body temperature allows the temporal characteristics of the call to be unaffected by ambient temperature changes. Résumé : Les cigales utilisent des signaux acoustiques pour se trouver des partenaires; elles représentent donc un systphylogénétiquement indépendant pour vérifier la généralisation des idées développées au sujet de la communication acoustique dans des études sur d’autres animaux. Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera : Cicadidae) est une cigale de la sous-famille des platypleurinés qui habite la forêt et qui utilise son chant d’appel pour former des choeurs et pour attirer des partenaires. De plus, P. semiclara produit un appel de rencontre qui sert dans le comportement de cour et aussi pour l’espacement des mâles dans un choeur. Les mâles émettent généralement leurs appels sur des troncs et des branches exposés sous le couvert des arbres, mais au-dessus du sous-bois, et ils combattent les autres mâles qui font des appels à moins d’environ 50 cm. Les choeurs chantent de façon sporadique pendant la journée, mais ils concentrent la majorité de leurs appels dans des épisodes d’une demi-heure à l’aube et au crépuscule. La taille du corps et la température ambiante n’ont aucun effet significatif sur les caractéristiques spectrales ou temporelles du chant d’appel. Des mesures de température du corps révèlent que P. semiclara fait une thermorégulation endotherme et que sa température peut atteindre jusqu’à 22 C au-dessus de la température ambiante lors des activités d’appel au crépuscule. Une telle endothermie procure un avantage aux cigales en leur permettant de faire leurs appels durant les heures du crépuscule lorsque les conditions sont optimales pour la communication acoustique et les risques de prédation minimaux. En même temps, la régulation endogène de la température du corps assure que les caractéristiques temporelles de l’appel ne sont pas affectées par les changements de température ambiante. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Villet et al. 1444
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تاریخ انتشار 2003